COGNITIVE SCIENTIST

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Literary Accomplishments

COCHRAN’S Q WITH PAIRWISE MCNEMAR FOR DICHOTOMOUS MULTIPLE RESPONSES DATA: A PRACTICAL APPROACH.

 Stephen, D., & Adruce, S. A. Z. (2018). 

When utilizing single-response questions for a survey, researchers often overlook the possibility that an item can have a smorgasbord of viable answers. It results in the loss of information as it forces the respondents to select a best-of-fit option. A multiple-responses question allows the respondent to select any number of answers from a set of preformatted options. The ability to capture a flexible number of responses allows collectively exhaustive concepts to manifest for deductive verification. This paper explores the practical use of Cochran’s Q test and pairwise McNemar test to examine the proportion of responses derived from the results of Multiple Responses Analysis (MRA). This includes Cochran’s Q operation on MRA data table using a simulated data set. Cochran’s Q test detects if there is a difference in the proportion of multiple concepts. In the case of a significant result, it would require a post hoc analysis to pinpoint the exact difference in pairwise proportions. This pairwise difference can be detected by utilizing pairwise McNemar test with Bonferroni Correction. This paper serves as a reference for researchers and practitioners who need to examine the proportion of collectively exhaustive concepts collected from a multiple responses item.

VALIDATION OF PERCEIVED COMMUNITY SAFETY INSTRUMENT USING POLYTOMOUS RASCH MEASUREMENT MODEL

Adruce, S. A. Z., Stephen, D., Suhaili, D. S. A. A., John, A. N., Othman, A. M. H. A., & Latif, N. A. (2017)

his study involves the designing, development and testing of an instrument for capturing perception of community safety in rural communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. Data were collected in Kampung Pulo Salak, Kampung Sebayor, Kampung Tanjong Bako and Kampung Pinggan Jaya. A total of 172 households were interviewed and their responses were recorded accordingly for each item listed in the instrument. The study details the validation of community safety instrument using a Rasch analysis technique. The instrument was adapted, translated from various sources and customized to the need of local communities. The many items in the original instruments were shortlisted and subsequently tested to assess the quality of the measurement used. Aspects investigated include personal and community safety, crime and social disorder, police effectiveness and engagement as well as the sense of community. Based on results from Rasch analysis, thirty items from the initial fifty-one shortlisted items were retained. The final version of the instruments implicates good reliability and validity. There was no differential item functioning detected and the measure was proven to be unidimensional. This instrument is expected to benefit local authorities especially for the formulation of necessary interventions to ameliorate issues pertaining to community safety.